Low-Temperature 3D Printing Technology of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Matrix Conductive Hydrogel Sensors with Diversified Path Structures and Good Electric Sensing Properties

Novel and practical low-temperature 3D printing technology composed of a machine optimized parameters was successfully developed. Under environment 0–−20 °C, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix hydrogels including PVA-sodium lignosulphonate (PVA-LS) hydrogel carboxymethylcellulose (PVA-CMC) exhibited specific rheology properties, building theoretical printable bases. The self-made realized machinery foundation for technology. Combined with ancillary path strut members, simple complicated structures were constructed high precision. Based on self-compiling G-codes structures, layered variable-angle structure strength also realized. After excellent electrical sensing functions can be PVA surfaces via monoplasmatic silver particles which obtained from reduced reactions. the premise maintaining original material function attributes, functionalization structures. “3D first then functionalization” logic, innovatively combined structure–strength design, ability hydrogels.